First, you are searching incorrectly then. Search for Adobefnt*.LST. There IS one (or more) for photohsop. Have photoshop closed and rename them - they are rebuilt upon app startup.
Second, you probably have a corrupt font. You'll have to hunt that down. Remove half of your fonts (put them in a temp folder), start photoshop. If it works, your corrupt font is in the group you moved. Keep moving halves until you isolate the culprit.
If all else fails, try resetting your preferences per the procedure in the FAQ.
Peace,
Tony